Federal Law on the Protection of Children from Harmful Information (436-FZ). Everything about protecting children from information harmful to their health and development: what is it and how does it happen? Was Law 436 adopted in a timely manner?

Good evening, dear parents and teachers!

Today I want to introduce you to Federal Law No. 436 “On the protection of children from information harmful to their health and development,” which came into force on September 1 of this year.

With the current level of development of mass communications and information technology, parents and teachers often do not have the opportunity to protect children from negative and harmful information. An overabundance of cruelty and violence in public media sources can form in children a distorted picture of the world and incorrect, sometimes even dangerous life attitudes.

On December 21, 2010, the State Duma adoptedFederal Law “On the protection of children from information harmful to their health and development” N 436-FZ(approved by the Federation Council on December 24, 2010) and was signed by former President Dmitry Medvedev.

The law prohibits information that causes fear, horror and panic in children, as well as justifying violence and illegal behavior. It is unacceptable to uncontrollably disseminate information that could make children want to use drugs, alcohol, or encourage them to cause harm to their lives and health.

The law introduces uniform standards for the media, books, audiovisual products, computer programs and databases, affecting the Internet and mobile content. According to statistics, it is Russian children who suffer the most from psychological pressure on the Internet. The new classification of information and entertainment products should protect the children's psyche from traumatic experiences.

As psychologists say, having perceived reprehensible information, a small child can be traumatized for life, which will then result in antisocial behavior in adulthood or even the development of a mental disorder. To understand that a particular product is dangerous, so-called information product signs, which are a graphic or text designation of classification, will help.

The law divides minors into age groups: under 6 years old, from 6 to 12 years old, from 12 to 16 years old, and over 16 years old.

The law proposes the use of a sign of information products in the form of numbers in the corner of the frame at the beginning of the broadcast of a television program, as well as each time the broadcast is resumed after breaks.

According to legislators, this will significantly simplify the process for parents to control what their children watch. “For example, seeing the “18+” mark, a parent might ask the child to change the channel.”

The document also prohibits the showing of programs that are dangerous to a child’s psyche from 4 to 23 hours local time. And from September 1, 2012, all Internet cafes and clubs will be required to use software and hardware to block dangerous information. Magazines with “bad pictures” will be sold only in sealed packages.

The law, of course, does not pursue the goals of protecting children from the problems and complexities of modern life and creating the illusion that there is no evil, violence, or death in the world. But it is necessary to convey this kind of information to children when they are able to understand and accept it, and in such a sensitive form appropriate to their age that this information does not harm their mental health. For example, even young children can be told about violence, but at the same time expressing compassion for the victim and on the condition that in the end good will necessarily triumph over evil.

According to the law, experts with higher education will be able to assess whether a particular information product is capable of causing harm to the health and development of children.

professional education and having special knowledge in the field of pedagogy, developmental psychology, developmental physiology and child psychiatry.

The information obtained as a result of the classification of information products is indicated by its manufacturer or distributor in the accompanying documents for the information products and is the basis for placing on it, in compliance with the requirements of the relevant technical regulations, the sign of information products and for its circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation.

In media such as television, radio and printed materials, the placement of information signs can be controlled.

With information posted on telecommunications networks, the situation is much worse. Mass uncontrolled posting of information on the Internet is impossible to control and assess the possible harm that this information can cause to the health and development of children. Currently, almost anyone can post text, audio or video information on the Internet. Cases of posting online videos taken by schoolchildren on mobile phones or photographs of an openly cruel, cynical and immoral nature have become more frequent.

We, teachers, urge you, parents, to monitor your child’s free time during this difficult time. Of course, don’t bring it to the point of absurdity by putting the child’s life under total control, but try to form a trusting relationship with your child, talk with him more often, in a friendly conversation you can find out any information: who the child is friends with, what he is interested in, what kind of relationship he has with his friends at school , teachers.

There are many programs and filters that can help you control the discovery of unwanted information and set the time you can spend on the Internet. Parental control programs are designed, first of all, to create restrictions for the child; in addition to the functions of limiting the child’s presence at the computer, they are designed to ensure his safety, to protect him from what, perhaps, it is too early for him to know and see. One of the main tasks of the applications is to create a website filter. Everything is very simple: you can go to some pages, but not to others. How is such control carried out? The most common are two types of restrictions:

1. Creation of “white” and “black” lists of websites. Blacklists must be regularly updated, otherwise the emergence of new resources will quickly make protection irrelevant. “White” lists are a type of more stringent control - a child can only visit those websites that his parents have allowed him. But there is no need to automatically update the lists; the relevance is practically not lost over time
2. filtering sites by their content. You specify a set of keywords, and if anything from their list is found on a web page, it does not open. Parents may have to put aside fear and shame, independently writing in obscenities, vulgarities, and other things prohibited for the child.

Ensuring the safety of a child at the computer is not only about limiting access to websites. There is another, so to speak, risk group - instant messaging programs (icq, skype, etc.). A child is naive and may accidentally tell a stranger your personal information. The attackers are cunning, they pretend to be peers, and casually ask tricky questions. A second danger also arises - the child’s interlocutors can teach him, at best, minor dirty tricks, and it’s better not to even remember examples of serious troubles. Some parental control programs are capable of analyzing information sent from the computer. If it contains certain keywords, for example, address, school or telephone number, then the sending of the message is blocked.

Everyone decides for themselves what programs to install on their computer. We cannot recommend any program.

However, the fact that the problem of parental controls has long been common is evidenced by the fact that tools for restricting access to applications, games and sites have been included in the Windows operating system.

If you are an experienced user and can independently perform manipulations on the computer, we suggest the following:

1. The simplest way to restrict access to certain sites on the Internet isediting the system hosts file
2. If your computer is running Windows Vista or Windows 7, you can use the built-in parental controls:
   Parental Controls in Windows Vista and Windows 7

At the end of my speech, as a reflection on this problem, I would like to offer you an excerpt from a television program.

Thank you for your attention!

One of the authorities of the Russian Federation (specifically: the State Duma) proposed a law (number 436-FZ), which should protect children from resources that contain content that is inappropriate for them. The Federation Council approved this idea.

The main reason for creating this law is a free Internet. With the development of technology, it has become possible to access the network from almost anywhere in the world. But There is almost no censorship on the Internet, the child may stumble upon content that is undesirable for his development.

Information children should not receive(mentioned in v. 5):

1. Content that may encourage a child to cause harm to their health, including suicide (Part 2, Section 1).
2. Propaganda of narcotic substances (part 2, paragraph 2).
3. Incitement to commit violence, cruelty against another person and/or justification of such actions (Part 2, Section 3).
4. Propaganda of non-traditional orientation, including sexual relations (Part 2, Section 4).
5. Justification of illegal actions (part 2, paragraph 5).
6. Obscene language (part 2, paragraph 6).
7. Pornography (Part 2, Section 7).
8. Information about a minor who suffered from illegal actions (part 2, paragraph 8).

The following information should not be distributed to minors(Part 3):

• pictures and/or texts containing physical and mental violence (clause 1);
• or death in any of its manifestations (clause 2);
• or intersexual intimate relationships (item 3);
• curses that do not refer to swear words (clause 4).

Hosting an event

Children must be protected from inappropriate content for their own good. To help parents the state is trying to use its powers to protect the child from harmful information. What exactly is being done for this:

Nuances of the measures taken

The Internet is often called a huge garbage dump, and this is not without reason. Huge volumes of useless garbage, among which you can sometimes find something worthwhile. But in order to do this, you will have to follow millions of absolutely meaningless links.

It is precisely because of the clutter that Article 14, Clause 2 contains the following distribution feature: the site may contain a sign of information products(age limit indicator).

Before broadcasting, age restrictions should also be announced (Article 13, Part 4).

Warnings

The main warning is precisely the sign of information products. He must always be used, except in cases provided for in Article 11:

Other Features

Is there any difference in protecting children from harmful content? from other types of protection? Of course, also like this:

• Firstly, this type of protection aimed only at a certain category of citizens - minors(and indirectly on parents).
• Secondly, child protects himself from psychological violence, but not from the physical (perhaps indirectly, since some information may prompt the child to harm himself and/or others).

Control of information that causes moral harm to children

Such information, causing mental harm, can have an extremely detrimental effect on the formation and development of a person. A child's mind is soft and malleable and very easy to influence. For this reason information entering the brain must be carefully filtered.

Expertise

The procedure for this process is written in Article 17:

1. The expert receives authority to conduct an examination from government agencies.
2. The expert receives an accreditation certificate (to carry out his activities).

Experts can become citizens with higher psychological (or similar) education. Exceptions are(v.17):

• People who have committed a crime against the person.
• People themselves participate in the production and dissemination of verifiable information.

IMPORTANT! The examination must be fully completed (a conclusion is drawn, the harmfulness of the content is proven or not proven) within thirty days. At least two experts are required.

There are two types of examinations(v.17):

1. Commission (experts specialize in the same field).
2. Comprehensive (on the contrary, in different areas).

The result of the efforts made is an expert opinion, which contains (v. 18):

• date and time;
• information about the expert himself;
• research materials;
• the conclusion that was made on the basis of the examination.

The examination carried out is controlled by special government bodies. They also issue accreditation certificates to experts. There is a special website where the authorized a person from the Russian Government posts information about experts(Article 17 Part 4):

1. Location, the place where the examination itself takes place.
2. Full name (there may not be a middle name).
3. Information about the availability of an accreditation certificate.
4. Order to appoint an expert.
5. The type of information he works well with understands the issue.

The procedure for conducting the examination is strictly regulated.

When the results are summed up, the authorities do the following(v.19):

• 15 days after the end, determine whether the information is contrary to the child protection law;
• if the content does not meet the requirements, it is limited or eliminated altogether.

Article 19. Legal consequences of examination of information products

Within no later than fifteen days from the date of receipt of the expert opinion, the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation makes a decision:

1. on the non-compliance of information products with the requirements of this Federal Law and issuing an order to eliminate the identified violation if the expert opinion contains a conclusion that the information products contain information that is harmful to the health and (or) development of children, or that the mark of information products does not comply with a certain category information products;
2. on the compliance of information products with the requirements of this Federal Law and on the refusal to issue the order specified in paragraph 1 of this part.

State control

This type of control exists and is a great help in dealing with unwanted resources. Article 20 states that:

1. Control is exercised over television, radio broadcasting, the Internet, etc.
2. Control is carried out by federal authorities.

Article 20. State supervision of compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

State supervision over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development is carried out, within its competence, by the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of mass media, including electronic ones, and mass communications, information technology and communications, the federal executive body exercising federal state supervision in the field of consumer rights protection, and the federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the field of education and science.

Public control

Article 21 describes this species in detail. In short:

• public control is carried out by official non-profit organizations;
• organizations have the right to monitor the circulation of information.

Article 21. Public control in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

1. Public associations and other non-profit organizations registered in the manner established by federal law in accordance with their charters, as well as citizens, have the right to exercise public control over compliance with the requirements of this Federal Law in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. When exercising public control, public associations and other non-profit organizations, citizens have the right to monitor the circulation of information products and children’s access to information, including through the creation of “hotlines”.

Parental control

A very important type of control. For a small child, the parents' opinion comes first. Fair enough, because parents want to do everything possible for their child so that he grows up healthy.

There are many programs/applications for electronic devices who provide parental control. They deny a child access to some resources if he has not yet reached a certain age.

What liability can be incurred for violations?

Verse 22 deals with this topic. It tells you that you will have to suffer the punishment prescribed by law. Mostly, These are fines in the amount of 5 to 20 thousand Russian rubles.

Article 22. Responsibility for offenses in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

Violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development entails liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

REFERENCE. However, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contains an article on the distribution of pornographic materials with minors. And for this he already faces a considerable prison sentence.

What does the law not apply to?

According to Art. 1 given the law does not apply to content containing such information if:

1. It was created for scientific purposes.
2. It was created for cultural purposes (for example, it tells about some historical facts or events).

2) information that is provided for in Part 3 of this article, taking into account the provisions of Article 7 of this Federal Law and the distribution of which among children of certain age categories is limited.

2. Information prohibited for distribution among children includes information:

1) encouraging children to commit actions that pose a threat to their life and (or) health, including causing harm to their health, suicide, or the life and (or) health of other persons, or aimed at inducing or otherwise involving children in committing such actions;

2) capable of causing in children a desire to use narcotic drugs, psychotropic and (or) intoxicating substances, tobacco products, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, take part in gambling, engage in prostitution, vagrancy or begging;

3) substantiating or justifying the admissibility of violence and (or) cruelty or encouraging violent actions towards people or animals, except for the cases provided for by this Federal Law;

4) denies family values, promotes non-traditional sexual relationships and creates disrespect for parents and (or) other family members;

5) justifying illegal behavior;

8) about a minor who has suffered as a result of unlawful actions (inaction), including surnames, first names, patronymics, photos and videos of such a minor, his parents and other legal representatives, the date of birth of such a minor, an audio recording of his voice, his place of residence or place of temporary residence, place of study or work, other information that allows directly or indirectly to identify the identity of such a minor.

3. Information the distribution of which is limited among children of certain age categories includes information:

1) presented in the form of an image or description of cruelty, physical and (or) mental violence (except for sexual violence), crime or other antisocial action;

2) causing fear, horror or panic in children, including those presented in the form of an image or description in a degrading form of non-violent death, illness, suicide, accident, accident or catastrophe and (or) their consequences;

3) presented in the form of an image or description of sexual relations between a man and a woman;

Judicial practice under Article 5 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2010 No. 436-FZ

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Federation”, the goals of state policy in the interests of children are to protect children from factors that negatively affect their physical, intellectual, mental, spiritual and moral development. According to Article 5 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2010 No. 436-FZ “On the protection of children from information harmful to their health and development”, information harmful to health and (or) development...

Chapter 1. General provisions

1. This Federal Law regulates relations related to the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development, including from such information contained in information products.

2. This Federal Law does not apply to relations in the field of:

1) circulation of information products containing scientific, scientific-technical, statistical information;

2) dissemination of information, the inadmissibility of restricting access to which is established by Federal Law of July 27, 2006 N 149-FZ “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” and other federal laws;

3) circulation of information products that have significant historical, artistic or other cultural value for society;

Article 2. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

This Federal Law uses the following basic concepts:

1) children’s access to information - the ability of children to receive and use freely disseminated information;

2) sign of information products - graphic and (or) text designation of information products in accordance with the classification of information products provided for in Part 3 of Article 6 of this Federal Law;

3) entertainment event - demonstration of information products in a place accessible to children and in a place where a significant number of people who do not belong to the usual family circle are present, including through theatrical and entertainment, cultural and educational and entertainment events;

4) information security of children - a state of protection of children in which there is no risk associated with information causing harm to their health and (or) physical, mental, spiritual, moral development;

5) information products - media products, printed materials, audiovisual products on any type of media, programs for electronic computers (computer programs) and databases intended for circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as information disseminated through entertainment events, and information posted on information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet) and mobile radiotelephone networks;

6) information products for children - information products that correspond in theme, content and artistic design to the physical, mental, spiritual and moral development of children;

7) information harmful to the health and (or) development of children - information (including information contained in information products for children), the distribution of which among children is prohibited or limited in accordance with this Federal Law;

8) information of a pornographic nature - information presented in the form of a naturalistic image or description of a person’s genital organs and (or) sexual intercourse or an action of a sexual nature comparable to sexual intercourse, including such an action committed in relation to an animal;

9) classification of information products - distribution of information products depending on their topic, genre, content and artistic design by age categories of children in the manner established by this Federal Law;

10) places accessible to children - public places, the child’s access to and (or) the child’s presence in which is not prohibited, including public places in which the child has access to media products and (or) posted in information -telecommunication networks of information products;

11) naturalistic image or description - an image or description in any form and using any means of a person, animal, individual parts of the human and (or) animal body, an action (inaction), an event, a phenomenon, their consequences, with attention to details, anatomical details and (or) physiological processes;

12) turnover of information products - provision and (or) distribution of information products, including its sale (including distribution by subscription), rent, hire, distribution, issuance from the funds of public libraries, public display, public performance (including through broadcast or cable broadcasting, entertainment events), placement in information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet) and mobile radiotelephone networks;

13) expert - a person who meets the requirements of this Federal Law and is involved in conducting an examination of information products and giving an expert opinion or classifying information products and conducting their examination.

Article 3. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

The legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development consists of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law, other federal laws and other normative legal acts adopted in accordance with them.

Article 4. Powers of the federal executive body, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

1. The powers of the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development include:

1) development and implementation of a unified state policy in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development;

2) development and implementation of federal target programs to ensure the information security of children, the production of information products for children and the circulation of information products;

3) establishing the procedure for conducting the examination of information products provided for by this Federal Law;

4) state supervision and control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development.

2. The powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development include the development and implementation of regional programs to ensure the information security of children, the production of information products for children and the circulation of information products.

Article 5. Types of information harmful to the health and (or) development of children

1. Information harmful to the health and (or) development of children includes:

1) information provided for in Part 2 of this article and prohibited for distribution among children;

2) information that is provided for in Part 3 of this article, taking into account the provisions of Articles 7 - 10 of this Federal Law and the distribution of which among children of certain age categories is limited.

2. Information prohibited for distribution among children includes information:

1) encouraging children to commit actions that pose a threat to their life and (or) health, including causing harm to their health, suicide;

2) capable of causing in children a desire to use narcotic drugs, psychotropic and (or) intoxicating substances, tobacco products, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, beer and drinks made on its basis, take part in gambling, engage in prostitution, vagrancy or begging;

3) substantiating or justifying the admissibility of violence and (or) cruelty or encouraging violent actions towards people or animals, except for the cases provided for by this Federal Law;

4) denying family values ​​and creating disrespect for parents and (or) other family members;

5) justifying illegal behavior;

3. Information the distribution of which is limited among children of certain age categories includes information:

1) presented in the form of an image or description of cruelty, physical and (or) mental violence, crime or other antisocial action;

2) causing fear, horror or panic in children, including those presented in the form of an image or description in a degrading form of non-violent death, illness, suicide, accident, accident or catastrophe and (or) their consequences;

3) presented in the form of an image or description of sexual relations between a man and a woman;

Chapter 2. Classification of information products

Article 6. Classification of information products

1. Classification of information products is carried out by its producers and (or) distributors independently (including with the participation of an expert, experts and (or) expert organizations that meet the requirements of parts 4 - 5, 8 of Article 17 of this Federal Law) before the start of its circulation in the territory Russian Federation.

2. When conducting research for the purpose of classifying information products, the following are subject to assessment:

1) its theme, genre, content and artistic design;

2) features of the perception of the information contained in it by children of a certain age category;

3) the likelihood of the information contained therein causing harm to the health and (or) development of children.

3. Classification of information products (with the exception of information products provided for in Part 5 of this article) is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this Federal Law into the following categories of information products:

1) information products for children under six years of age;

2) information products for children over the age of six;

3) information products for children over the age of twelve;

4) information products for children over the age of sixteen;

5) information products prohibited for children (information products containing information provided for in Part 2 of Article 5 of this Federal Law).

4. Classification of information products intended and (or) used for teaching and raising children in educational institutions implementing, respectively, basic general education programs, basic professional educational programs of primary vocational education, secondary vocational education, in educational institutions of additional education for children, is carried out in accordance with this Federal Law and the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education.

5. Classification of films is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this Federal Law and taking into account the procedure established by Federal Law of August 22, 1996 N 126-FZ “On State Support of Cinematography of the Russian Federation”.

6. Information obtained as a result of classification of information products is indicated by its manufacturer or distributor in accompanying documents for information products and is the basis for placing on it, in compliance with the requirements of the relevant technical regulations, the sign of information products and for its circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Article 7. Information products for children under six years of age

Information products for children under the age of six may include information products containing information that does not cause harm to the health and (or) development of children (including information products containing episodic non-naturalistic images justified by its genre and (or) plot or a description of physical and (or) mental violence (with the exception of sexual violence), subject to the triumph of good over evil and expression of compassion for the victim of violence and (or) condemnation of violence).

Article 8. Information products for children over the age of six

Information products permitted for circulation for children over the age of six years may include information products provided for in Article 7 of this Federal Law, as well as information products containing justified by its genre and (or) plot:

1) short-term and non-naturalistic images or descriptions of human diseases (except for serious diseases) and (or) their consequences in a form that does not degrade human dignity;

2) non-naturalistic depiction or description of an accident, accident, catastrophe or non-violent death without demonstrating their consequences, which may cause fear, horror or panic in children;

3) episodic depictions or descriptions of these actions and (or) crimes that do not encourage the commission of antisocial actions and (or) crimes, provided that their admissibility is not substantiated or justified and a negative, condemning attitude towards the persons committing them is expressed.

Article 9. Information products for children over the age of twelve

Information products permitted for circulation for children over the age of twelve may include information products provided for in Article 8 of this Federal Law, as well as information products containing justified by its genre and (or) plot:

1) episodic depiction or description of cruelty and (or) violence (except for sexual violence) without a naturalistic demonstration of the process of taking life or causing injury, provided that compassion is expressed for the victim and (or) a negative, condemning attitude towards cruelty, violence (except violence used in cases of protecting the rights of citizens and legally protected interests of society or the state);

2) an image or description that does not encourage the commission of antisocial actions (including the consumption of alcohol and alcohol-containing products, beer and drinks made on its basis, participation in gambling, vagrancy or begging), occasional mention (without demonstration) of drugs drugs, psychotropic and (or) intoxicating substances, tobacco products, provided that the admissibility of antisocial actions is not substantiated or justified, a negative, condemning attitude towards them is expressed and an indication of the danger of consuming these products, drugs, substances, products is contained;

3) episodic non-naturalistic images or descriptions of sexual relations between a man and a woman that do not exploit interest in sex and are not of an exciting or offensive nature, with the exception of images or descriptions of actions of a sexual nature.

Article 10. Information products for children over the age of sixteen

Information products permitted for circulation for children who have reached the age of sixteen may include information products provided for in Article 9 of this Federal Law, as well as information products containing justified by its genre and (or) plot:

1) an image or description of an accident, accident, catastrophe, disease, death without a naturalistic showing of their consequences, which can cause fear, horror or panic in children;

2) depiction or description of cruelty and (or) violence (except for sexual violence) without a naturalistic demonstration of the process of taking life or causing injury, provided that compassion for the victim and (or) a negative, condemning attitude towards cruelty, violence (except for violence) is expressed applied in cases of protection of the rights of citizens and legally protected interests of society or the state);

3) information about narcotic drugs or psychotropic and (or) intoxicating substances (without their demonstration), about the dangerous consequences of their consumption with demonstration of such cases, provided that a negative or condemning attitude towards the consumption of such drugs or substances is expressed and an indication is given the danger of their consumption;

4) individual swear words and (or) expressions that are not related to obscene language;

5) images or descriptions of sexual relations between a man and a woman that do not exploit the interest in sex and are not offensive in nature, with the exception of images or descriptions of actions of a sexual nature.

Chapter 3. Requirements for the circulation of information products

Article 11. General requirements for the circulation of information products

1. The circulation of information products containing information provided for in Part 2 of Article 5 of this Federal Law is not permitted, except in cases provided for by this Federal Law.

2. The circulation of information products containing information prohibited for distribution among children in accordance with Part 2 of Article 5 of this Federal Law in places accessible to children is not permitted without the use of administrative and organizational measures, technical and software-hardware means of protecting children from the specified information.

3. Requirements for administrative and organizational measures, technical and hardware-software means of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development are established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. The circulation of information products containing information provided for in Article 5 of this Federal Law without the information products sign is not allowed, with the exception of:

2) television programs, television programs broadcast on air without prior recording;

3) information products distributed through radio broadcasting;

4) information products demonstrated through entertainment events;

5) periodicals specializing in the dissemination of information of a socio-political or production-practical nature.

5. In the presence of parents or other legal representatives of children who have reached the age of six years, the circulation of information products provided for in Article 9 of this Federal Law is permitted.

6. Before the start of demonstration of an information product through a spectacular event, it is assigned the information product mark. In the case of demonstrating several types of information products for children of different age categories, the specified sign must correspond to information products for children of an older age category. This sign is placed on posters and other announcements about the holding of a spectacular event, as well as on entrance tickets, invitations and other documents granting the right to visit it.

7. Demonstration of information products containing information provided for in Article 5 of this Federal Law through a entertainment event is preceded immediately before the start of the entertainment event by an audio message about the inadmissibility or restriction of the presence of children of the relevant age categories at such a demonstration.

8. The rental certificate for an audiovisual work, the certificate of registration as a mass media of a television and radio program, or a periodical printed publication for children must contain information about the category of this information product.

Article 12. Information product mark

1. The category of information products is determined in accordance with the requirements of Articles 6 - 10 of this Federal Law and is indicated by the sign of information products placed in compliance with the requirements of this article and the requirements of the relevant technical regulations by its manufacturers or distributors.

2. The producer, distributor of information products shall place a sign of information products and (or) a text warning about the restriction of its distribution before the broadcast of a television program, television program, or demonstration of a film during cinema and video services in the manner established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation. The sign of information products is shown in the corner of the frame, with the exception of film screenings carried out in the cinema hall. The size of the information product sign must be no less than five percent of the screen area.

3. The size of the sign of information products must be no less than five percent of the area of ​​the poster or other announcement of the relevant entertainment event, announcement of a film or video showing, as well as an entrance ticket, invitation or other document granting the right to attend such an event.

4. The sign of information products is placed in published television and radio programs, lists and catalogs of information products, as well as in such information products posted in information and telecommunication networks.

Article 13. Additional requirements for the dissemination of information products through television and radio broadcasting

1. Information products containing information provided for in paragraphs 1 - 5 of part 2 of Article 5 of this Federal Law are not subject to distribution through television and radio broadcasting from 4 o'clock to 23 o'clock local time, with the exception of television and radio programs, television and radio broadcasts , access to viewing or listening to which is carried out exclusively on a paid basis using decoding technical devices and in compliance with the requirements of parts 3 and 4 of this article.

2. Information products containing information provided for in paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 10 of this Federal Law are not subject to distribution through television and radio broadcasting from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. local time, with the exception of television and radio programs, television and radio broadcasts, access for viewing or listening to which is carried out exclusively on a paid basis using decoding technical devices and in compliance with the requirements of parts 3 and 4 of this article.

3. Distribution of information products through television broadcasting is accompanied by a message about the limitation of its distribution at the beginning of the demonstration (including using the “crawling line” method, provided that the volume of the “crawling line” does not exceed five percent of the screen area).

4. Distribution of information products through radio broadcasting is accompanied by a message about the limitation of its distribution at the beginning of the broadcast of information products and after each interruption of the broadcast.

5. When posting messages about the dissemination through television and radio broadcasting of information products prohibited for children, the use of fragments of said information products containing information harmful to the health and (or) development of children is not allowed.

Article 14. Additional requirements for the dissemination of information through information and telecommunication networks

Children's access to information distributed through information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet) is provided by telecommunications operators providing telematic communication services at public access points, subject to the use of technical, software and hardware means by these telecom operators to protect children from information that is harmful. harm to their health and (or) development.

Article 15. Additional requirements for the circulation of certain types of information products for children

1. In information products for children, including information products posted on information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet) and mobile radiotelephone networks, it is not allowed to place advertisements inviting children to participate in the creation of information products that are harmful to their health and (or) development.

Article 16. Additional requirements for the circulation of information products prohibited for children

1. The first and last pages of a newspaper, the cover of a copy of printed materials, other printed products prohibited for children, when distributed to an indefinite number of people in places accessible to children, must not contain information harmful to the health and (or) development of children.

2. Information products prohibited for children in the form of printed materials are allowed for distribution in places accessible to children only in sealed packages.

3. Information products prohibited for children are not allowed for distribution in educational organizations intended for children, children's medical, sanatorium-resort, physical education and sports organizations, cultural organizations, recreation and health organizations for children, or at a distance of less than one hundred meters from the boundaries of the territories the specified organizations.

Chapter 4. Expertise of information products

Article 17. General requirements for the examination of information products

1. The examination of information products is carried out in order to ensure the information security of children by decision of the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation, an expert, experts and (or) expert organizations.

2. Legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, public associations, other non-profit organizations, citizens have the right to apply for an examination of information products to the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation, which, within a period of no more than ten days, makes a decision on sending the specified application to the expert, experts and (or) an expert organization.

3. The examination of information products is carried out by an expert, experts and (or) expert organizations accredited in the prescribed manner by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. The expert, experts and (or) expert organizations are determined by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation, based on the random sampling method, taking into account the type of information products subject to examination.

5. The federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation issues accreditation certificates, suspends or terminates the issued accreditation certificates, and maintains a register of accredited experts and expert organizations.

6. The examination of information products can be carried out by two or more experts of the same specialty (commission examination) or different specialties (comprehensive examination).

7. Persons with higher professional education and special knowledge, including in the field of pedagogy, developmental psychology, developmental physiology, child psychiatry, are invited as experts to carry out the examination of information products, with the exception of persons:

1) who have or have had a conviction for committing grave and especially grave crimes against the individual, crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual, against family and minors, intentional crimes against public health and public morality;

2) who are producers, distributors of information products submitted for examination, or their representatives.

8. The period for conducting an examination of information products cannot exceed ninety days from the date of receipt of an application for its conduct.

9. Expenses associated with conducting an examination of information products are reimbursed in the manner established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 18. Expert opinion

1. Upon completion of the examination of information products, an expert opinion is given.

2. The expert opinion shall indicate:

1) date, time and place of examination of information products;

2) information about the expert organization and the expert (last name, first name, patronymic, education, specialty, work experience in the specialty, availability of an academic degree, academic title, position held, place of work);

3) questions posed to the expert, experts;

4) objects of research and materials presented for the examination of information products;

6) motivated answers to questions posed to the expert, experts;

7) conclusions about the presence or absence of information in information products that is harmful to the health and (or) development of children, about the compliance or non-compliance of information products with a certain category of information products, about the compliance or non-compliance of information products with the mark of information products.

3. The expert opinion of the commission examination is signed by all experts who participated in the said examination if their opinions on the questions raised coincide. In case of disagreement, each expert gives a separate expert opinion on the issues that caused the disagreement. Each expert who participated in the comprehensive examination signs the part of the expert report containing a description of the research he conducted and bears responsibility for it.

4. Within five days after signing the expert opinion, it is sent to the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 19. Legal consequences of examination of information products

Within no later than fifteen days from the date of receipt of the expert opinion, the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation makes a decision:

1) about the non-compliance of information products with the requirements of this Federal Law and issuing an order to eliminate the identified violation if the expert opinion contains a conclusion that the information products contain information that is harmful to the health and (or) development of children, or about the non-compliance of the information product’s mark a certain category of information products;

2) on the compliance of information products with the requirements of this Federal Law and on the refusal to issue the order specified in paragraph 1 of this part.

Chapter 5. Supervision and control in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

Article 20. State supervision and control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

1. State supervision and control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development is carried out by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

2. State supervision and control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development is carried out taking into account the requirements of the Federal Law of December 26, 2008 N 294-FZ "On the protection of the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control."

Article 21. Public control in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

1. Public associations and other non-profit organizations registered in the manner established by federal law in accordance with their charters, as well as citizens, have the right to exercise public control over compliance with the requirements of this Federal Law in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. When exercising public control, public associations and other non-profit organizations, citizens have the right to:

1) monitor the circulation of information products and children’s access to information, including through the creation of “hotlines”;

2) apply to the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to conduct an examination of information products in accordance with the requirements of this Federal Law.

Chapter 6. Responsibility for offenses in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

Article 22. Responsibility for offenses in the field of protecting children from information harmful to their health and (or) development

Violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and (or) development entails liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Chapter 7. Final provisions

Article 23. The procedure for the entry into force of this Federal Law

2. The provisions of Part 1 of Article 12 of this Federal Law do not apply to printed products put into circulation before the date of entry into force of this Federal Law.

President of the Russian Federation D. Medvedev

The need to adopt a law on children's information security was caused by the rapidly growing statistics on the use of information resources, in particular the Internet, by minors. Today, it is rare that a schoolchild does not have a smartphone or tablet with access to the Internet, where they can expect to encounter materials promoting pornography, prostitution, violence, war, ethnic and religious strife, drug and alcohol use, which can traumatize the child’s psyche and distort him morally. moral values.

General information

Federal Law N 436-FZ “On the protection of children from information harmful to their health and development” was adopted on December 29, 2010. The latest amendments were made to the law in May 2017.

Structurally, the law is presented in seven chapters, including 23 articles. Let us consider in more detail, outlining theses:

• General provisions: scope of action, basic concepts, relevant legislation, powers of various bodies in the field of protecting children from negative information, its types;
• Classification of information products: classification, products for age categories: 0+, 6+, 12+, 16+;
• Requirements for information circulation: general conditions, age designations (signs, text warnings), conditions for the distribution of such products on television, radio and the Internet, requirements for the distribution of certain categories of information products;
• Expertise: general requirements, expert opinion, legal consequences;
• State and public control information that is harmful to the child;
• Responsibility for violation of rights in the field of protecting children from harmful information.

The Law on the Protection of Children from Negative Information in accordance with Article 5 of Federal Law 436 applies, first of all, to the following materials:

• Provoking actions that pose a threat to the lives of children, including harm to their health or suicide;
• Capable of arousing in a child an interest in drugs or psychotropic drugs, cigarettes, alcohol, gambling, prostitution, begging and vagrancy;
• Provoking violence or cruelty to people or animals;
• Denying the value of families, pushing for a disdainful attitude towards parents, forming a positive opinion about non-traditional sexual relationships;
• Containing obscene language;
• Including elements of a pornographic nature;
• Justifying the commission of crimes.

It is also prohibited to publish information about children who have suffered as a result of the inaction or crime of adults: their names, ages, photographs, videos, voice recordings, information about parents, place of residence, study of the child or work of parents - in general, any information that may lead to the identification of the victim child and his family members.

Negative information limited in dissemination among certain age groups includes materials:

• In the form of images or descriptions of cruelty, physical or psychological violence, demonstrating the commission of a crime;
• Provoking the manifestation of fear, horror or panic: depiction of human death, illness, suicide, accident, car and plane crashes, etc.;
• Depicting or describing intergender relationships of a sexual nature;
• Containing swear words that are not classified as obscene.

Latest changes made to the law on the protection of children from information

The latest amendments made to the law to date date back to May 1, 2017. They were introduced by Law N 87-FZ on amendments to the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation. Also in 2017, amendments were made to Federal Law No. 16. Read more.

Edited clause 6 of part 4 of article 11 law. Circulation of content containing information that can cause harm to the health or development of a child without the information product mark is not permitted, except in the following cases:

6) information distributed through information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, except for online publications and audiovisual services.

Concept audiovisual service in everyday understanding it means an online cinema, a site with various kinds of video and audio content (for example, the popular video hosting company YouTube).

Article 14 about the peculiarities of information dissemination via the Internet was supplemented by part three, which states that such a service must include text warning on restrictions on the distribution of published material among children according to the categories established by law (0+, 6+, 12+, 16+) or information product sign(including in the form in which a computer or program can identify it - i.e. in the form of code). Classification is carried out by the owners independently in compliance with the requirements of Federal Law 436.

To completely protect a child from exciting, “forbidden” and negative information until he comes of age is, firstly, pointless, and secondly, dangerous. Access to “adult content” should be opened in stages, in accordance with the age of the child. Associated with this fact is the need gradation of information products by age categories. Each subsequent category (see Chapter 2, Articles 7-10 of the law) may contain materials included in the previous age categories of information products:

0+ or ​​age up to 6 years: Material may occasionally contain inappropriate depictions or descriptions of violence (other than sexual violence) under the following conditions:

• What is happening should evoke compassion for the victim in the minor viewer;
• Violence must be condemned;
• Ultimately, good will triumph over evil.

6+: Products permitted for circulation for a given age category may contain the following elements (if justified by the genre):

• A short, unrealistic description or depiction of human illnesses (except severe ones) in a form that does not degrade human dignity;
• Non-naturalistic depiction of an accident or non-violent death without demonstrating the consequences, etc., which does not cause horror and panic in children;
• An episodic depiction of crimes, provided that according to the plot they are not justified or justified, but, on the contrary, are condemned.

12+: provided that this is justified by the genre or plot of the work, the following types of images and descriptions may be contained:

• Cruelty and violence, where the very process of mutilation and deprivation of life is not demonstrated in detail. The child should develop sympathy for the victim and condemnation of violence (if it was not a manifestation of self-defense or was not caused by the need to protect the interests of society or the country);
• Consumption of alcohol, tobacco products, gambling and occasional mention (without demonstration) of drugs and psychotropics. All this is possible provided that what is happening is not justified or argued. The plot should contain a message about the inadmissibility of such actions, as well as the dangers of consuming intoxicating substances and products;
• Sexual relations between a man and a woman that do not involve acts of a sexual nature, do not provoke interest in sex, are not exciting or offensive.

• Accident, catastrophe, illness or death without detailed demonstration of their consequences;
• Cruelty and violence (except sexual), without a realistic demonstration of the very process of beating and death of a person. The plot should evoke sympathy for the victim or condemnation in relation to both the criminal himself and to cruelty and violence as such, if their use was not caused by the need for the rights and interests of a person, society and country;
• Certain swear words that do not fall into the category of obscene;
• Sexual relations between a man and a woman without demonstration of sexual actions;
• Narcotic and psychotropic substances without demonstrating the process of their consumption. The material should tell about the serious consequences and dangers of their use, forming in the child a negative attitude towards this lifestyle.

Download the text of 436 Federal Law in the latest edition

Today, the law obliges all information resources, be it Internet sites, television, radio or other sources, to grade the information posted according to the admissibility of its display for a particular age category. However, it should be remembered that children are raised not by a computer, TV or gadget, but by their parents. Therefore, communicate with your children more often, be aware of their interests and activities.