A business project for growing seedlings for sale, where to start and how to implement a long-term plan. How to make a business out of growing mushrooms yourself Growing vegetables in an apartment as a business

Greenhouses are coming into fashion. Small shelters are installed on most household plots, and some farms erect large structures intended for industrial cultivation. How to start? It's worth starting with comparatively small shelter of 50 sq. m.

With time farming can be expanded, erecting several more greenhouses ranging in size from 100 square meters. m. If you start a business in greenhouses, what is more profitable to grow?

In the summer, competition for greenhouse farms comes from private farmsteads and farmers growing plants. To reduce costs it is recommended to combine heated year-round designs with seasonal unheated ones, ideal for the warm season.

Greenhouses: what are they?

Greenhouses can be divided into many categories based on the type of heating, shape, size used for manufacturing. First of all shelters worth sharing on the:

• heated year-round structures;
• seasonal greenhouses without heating.

Seasonal shelters most often made from thick plastic film stretched over plastic or metal. Such a greenhouse can be collapsible, it can be easily dismantled and moved to another place. It is better to dismantle shelters for the winter so that the plastic film is not damaged by snow.

Capital winter greenhouses are being done more thoroughly. They are erected on a solid surface; in cold regions, recessing is recommended to help better retain heat.

Winter greenhouses can be pitched or arched, the design depends on the frame. For industrial cultivation, pitched options are recommended; if you use a greenhouse at home as a business, then convenient ones are suitable.

As a frame for capital winter greenhouses most often durable metal is used with anti-corrosion coating. A rarer option is those treated with special impregnation.

Double polyethylene film or hardened is used as a coating. Double-glazed windows are not suitable for greenhouses, they are too fragile and short-lived.

The most modern and convenient material for year-round greenhouses is. The sheets can be given any shape, they are easily bent and cut, and are not damaged during many years of use. Polycarbonate transmits light well, at the same time protecting plants from sunburn.

For the normal development of plants, a greenhouse is needed. The best results are obtained by a combined system that combines several heat sources. It is possible to use electric boilers, potbelly stoves, air heaters, fires, as well as cheap biofuel. The greenhouse will be equipped with a system, vents for ventilation and curtains for shading in the summer heat. The costs of a greenhouse for a small business, in this case, will increase.

Crops for year-round cultivation

Specialists for greenhouse business there are a number of crops, especially suitable for growing in shelters. The characteristics of the plants are taken into account, as well as the profit from the greenhouse that their sale brings. What is profitable to grow in a greenhouse? What is more profitable to grow in a greenhouse for business? Various varieties come first, greens come second, and vegetables are an honorable third.

The leaders in the flower group are those are particularly productive, and demand for cut flowers is high throughout the year.

It is recommended to start the season by sowing seeds for seedlings, as well as planting early crops: herbs, lettuce. In April-early May, seedlings move into the greenhouse tomatoes, .

By this time, the soil should warm up well, but retain moisture. Early varieties can be harvested already in mid-summer, making room for new crops. Radish and others seasonal vegetables are sown several times, until September inclusive.

Rules for planting and growing

Pledge proper development of plants and high yield - fertile soil. The topsoil is replaced annually. In large industrial greenhouses, it is recommended to update the soil after each harvest, that is, after 3-4 months.

The best substrate for greenhouses – a mixture of old garden or turf soil with humus, peat, river sand. This soil is suitable for most greenhouse crops. For greater nutritional value, it can be supplemented with wood (preferably birch) ash, as well as complex mineral fertilizer. It is not advisable to add complexes containing a lot of nitrogen, they develop abundant green mass to the detriment of fruiting.

Plants are planted without thickening; there should be at least 30 cm between bushes. Compact forms are chosen for greenhouses, not forming spreading branches or long lashes. It is convenient to plant indeterminate plants that require trellis mounting in high greenhouses.

All crops must be self-pollinating, since access of insects to the shelter will be limited. It is important to organize, mineral or organic fertilizers are applied to the soil every 2 weeks.

Are greenhouses profitable? A properly organized greenhouse is the key to a good harvest. Her organization and operation is not cheap, however, with proper operation, the design will pay for itself within a year. A greenhouse built from high-quality materials does not require annual repairs and lasts for several seasons without problems.

Useful information in the video about business ideas for greenhouse cultivation of various crops:

Before you start growing plants for sale at home, you need to carefully think through your actions and make a plan. First you need to decide on the choice of plants. It is better for beginning gardeners to limit themselves to a small number of plants at first, choosing the most unpretentious varieties. Having gained experience, it will be possible to increase both the number of plants and the number of varieties. Early ripening varieties are best suited for home gardening, since plants develop much more slowly indoors than outdoors.

Next, you should familiarize yourself with the rules for caring for the selected varieties. They can be easily found on the Internet, and for the most meticulous gardeners special periodicals and library literature will be useful. Then you need to decide on the container that will be used for your home garden. Some plants require space, others make do with very limited space. The next stage is soil preparation. Soil from garden beds is not suitable for a home garden. It must be bought in special stores. The last stage is choosing a place for the garden. Most plants need plenty of sunlight, so it is best to plant your garden on the west or south side of the house.

The most suitable plants for home growing

The number of plants that can be grown at home for sale is enormous. In order not to get confused in all their diversity, the following classification will be useful:

• greens and herbs;
• vegetables;
• exotic plants.

Greens and herbs do not require special care. The most popular types are:

• green onions;
• sorrel;
• dill;
• basil;
• tarragon;
• cilantro;
• parsley;
• lavender;
• thyme;
• Melissa;
• mint;
• rosemary;
• spinach.

Growing vegetables at home is somewhat more difficult than greens, but there are no insurmountable problems here. In your home garden you can grow:

• tomatoes;
• cucumbers;
• potato;
• bell pepper;
• sweet potato.

Exotic plants are the most difficult to grow at home. But this is not impossible either. You just need to gain special knowledge regarding their cultivation. Among the most popular exotic plants used for these purposes are the following:

• pineapples;
• lemons;
• tangerines;
• kiwi.

Of course, you need to take into account that when growing for sale, the profitability of exotic plant species is low, so they will bring more pleasure than money.

Basic ways to grow plants at home

To grow herbs, vegetables and herbs at home, you can use the walls of rooms, balconies, window sills, loggias, external window and kitchen cornices. The following methods are used:

• Growing by sowing seeds. This method is suitable for growing various greens on the windowsill (cilantro, watercress, watercress, salad mustard, lettuce, basil, etc.).
• Extended cultivation. At the onset of autumn, part of the rhizomes or entire plants are dug up along with a lump of earth, then they are transplanted into pots and transferred to the apartment. This method is suitable for growing peppers, sorrel, tomatoes, cucumbers, tarragon, rhubarb, and horseradish.
• Growing from seedlings. This method is suitable for growing any vegetables, but it has a drawback - the need to purchase seedlings. To get around this drawback, you can grow seedlings yourself.
• Forcing. This is the best method for growing greens. It is suitable for plants that have a supply of nutrients in underground parts (tubers, root crops, bulbs). For this purpose, bulbs of garlic, onions, celery and parsley roots are used.

Features of home growing herbs

For those who have no experience growing plants at home, the easiest way to start is by growing herbs, which are relatively easy to grow. To do this, you just need to give them a sunny place and constantly water them.

• Dill loves fresh air, light and water. In order for its seeds to germinate better, they need to be soaked for several days, constantly changing the water. After sowing the seeds in neutral soil, the harvest will ripen within a month.
• Parsley requires the same care as dill, but it tolerates cold more easily and loves open air, so it is good to use a loggia or balcony for growing it.
• Basil, on the contrary, has increased sensitivity to temperature changes, so it is better to grow it on a windowsill.
• For lemon balm, good lighting is most important. If this condition is met, it can be kept both on the balcony and on the windowsill. There are no particular difficulties with it - you just need to plant the seeds in moist soil and water them regularly.
• Mint is more demanding than lemon balm. It does not tolerate temperature changes well, needs good lighting, a special soil composition and constant watering.

Features of home growing greens

Growing greens is not difficult, you just need to follow a few simple rules, and your home plantation will be profitable all year round.

• To get a quick harvest, you should choose watercress. After planting its seeds in moist soil, they need to be watered regularly, and just two weeks after planting the seeds, the first harvest can be harvested. It is important to consider that this plant does not tolerate prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and heat.
• Sorrel grows on any soil, is unpretentious, but requires constant watering. The seeds need to be soaked for two days, planted in moist soil in a pot and covered with film until the first shoots appear. After they appear, the film is removed and the pot is placed in a bright place.
• Spinach loves high humidity and can be harvested three to four weeks after planting the seeds in moist soil. When the first pair of leaves appears on the seedlings, they are thinned out and only the strongest are left.
• Growing onions at home is very easy. You need to soak the onion in warm water for a day, then cut off the neck and plant it in moist soil. The pot should be placed on the windowsill and watered constantly.

Features of home growing vegetables

Since the main feature of a home garden is its limited space, tall, sprawling varieties of vegetables should be excluded.

• When growing cucumbers, you need to keep them warm and away from drafts. If there is not enough light, then additional lamps must be used. In sunny weather, plants should not be allowed to overheat. If cucumbers are grown not on the balcony, but in the room, then you need to put gauze or nets on the windows or to prevent the penetration of insects.
• You can successfully grow eggplants indoors. Low-growing varieties with small fruits are most suitable for this. Eggplants are grown through seedlings, which are obtained from seeds planted in February. When six to eight leaves appear on the plant, it should be transplanted into boxes or pots with a diameter of about twenty centimeters. Watering should be plentiful; spraying is useful.
• Chinese cabbage easily tolerates a lack of light, so it can be grown on a windowsill at any time of the year. Chalk or ash must be added to the soil to reduce its acidity.

Plant compatibility

The most important factor when growing garden crops is their compatibility. Some plants get along well with others in one container, while others require a separate container. The consequence of growing incompatible crops together may be their slow growth, and in extreme cases, their death. At the same time, many plants are able to have a stimulating effect on neighboring ones, and even protect them from pests. Using knowledge about the compatibility of garden plants, you can significantly increase their productivity. Proper mixed plantings allow you to grow more plants on a smaller area of ​​land.

For example, you can grow different types of lettuce near cucumbers. Dill, borage, and chamomile planted nearby have an excellent effect on cucumbers. As for the joint cultivation of cucumbers and tomatoes, it is difficult to give a definite answer. Here it makes sense to rely on your own experience by trying to grow different varieties of these vegetable crops nearby.

Home garden equipment

When setting up a home garden, you will definitely need containers. It can be very different: plastic and ceramic pots, boxes made of various materials, including wood, even tin cans and milk bags are useful. Some experts recommend not using containers with airtight walls, but the composition of the soil mixture plays a decisive role here. If it is prepared correctly, then air access to the roots will be ensured and the plants will not suffer from a lack of air. It is advisable to wrap the pots with foil. It reflects the sun's rays and protects the soil from overheating.

It is very important to have holes in the bottom of the container through which excess water is removed. Beginners should purchase soil for home gardening in specialized stores, but experienced gardeners can prepare it themselves.

The water used for irrigation should be at room temperature. It is acceptable to use tap water, but it must sit for at least twelve hours to allow the chlorine it contains to evaporate.

Fertilizers for home garden

You can fertilize plants grown in your home garden using a variety of means. You can even find free fertilizers for these purposes in your kitchen.

Dried tea and coffee can be placed on the surface of the soil in pots. They contain a huge amount of micro- and macroelements beneficial for plants. In addition, spent tea and coffee can be added to the soil when replanting plants. They are dried in a warm place and mixed with soil in a ratio of one to ten. They are also poured into the bottom of the pot, where they serve both as plant nutrition and soil drainage.

However, for drainage it is best to use crushed pine and spruce cones, which contain resinous substances that prevent rotting of the root system. Another available means for fertilizing a home garden is eggshells, which contain large amounts of phosphorus, calcium and various trace elements. However, to make fertilizer from the shells, they must be burned. In addition, wood ash, as well as ash from weed stems or straw can be used as free fertilizer. It also contains large amounts of calcium, which plants need.

Selling ordinary varieties of vegetables grown at home does not always bring significant income. Competition from large manufacturers and wholesale suppliers is too strong, and the costs of transporting and selling small volumes of products are high. However, almost any business can be made successful if you find a competitive advantage. When growing vegetables at home, this advantage is the cultivation of small-fruited varieties.

They are very little represented in stores and markets, but at the same time they are in great demand among buyers. Some small-fruited vegetables, for example, tomatoes, are much healthier than large ones, as they contain more mineral salts, organic acids and vitamins. With the right packaging, they can be sold several times more expensive than regular vegetables.

The resulting harvest can be sold not only separately for each type of plant, but also by compiling vegetable sets, where you can add small onions and various greens for preparing salads.

To package vegetables intended for sale, you can use plastic and polypropylene bags, as well as plastic containers.

The business of growing greens is one of the most promising and fastest-paying areas of agriculture. But this format of entrepreneurship will require responsibility and patience.

Growing greens as a business is attractive because of the opportunity to start your own business with almost no cash on hand. Even just a few tens of thousands of rubles can provide profit in the near future.

Entrepreneurs are attracted to this idea by its simplicity and high profitability - by growing greens you can get up to 500% of the investment per season. A pleasant thing is that the demand for such products is very high, and not only in the summer.

You don’t need any special knowledge, much less education, to start such a business - it will be enough to study the features of growing the selected crops.

Investments in growing greens can vary from several thousand to tens and hundreds of thousands of rubles - everything will depend on the scale of production and the size of the desired profit. The greatest income can be obtained in the cold season, since people themselves grow greens much less often at this time, and the price increases significantly due to the low supply of products.

An entrepreneur, when opening a business growing greens from scratch, must clearly understand the advantages of working in this industry. The advantages include:

• low cost of seeds;
• ease of growing and caring for greens;
• high demand for greens;
• high profitability (can reach 200-500%);
• low starting capital;
• quick payback (in the first month of trading greens you can get your investment back).

The more seedlings an entrepreneur plants, the more profit he will receive if the plants are properly cared for. For example, from a plot of 1,000 m2 sown with greenery, you can receive an income of 30-90 thousand rubles per month. This makes it clear whether growing greens is profitable or not.

Choosing a direction

Any novice businessman who decides to grow greens wonders where to start his business? The first step is to identify one or more areas of work. The most profitable forms today are the following:

Beginning entrepreneurs are better off choosing simpler options - dill, parsley, lettuce or onion. It is more profitable to use radishes as an auxiliary crop. But such specific plants as basil and spinach require certain skills and knowledge. For inexperienced businessmen, this format can cause losses.

Having decided what exactly to grow, the entrepreneur must choose the appropriate growing method for himself. Much will depend on the scale of the business and the chosen culture. It is customary to distinguish the following methods:

1. In your own apartment. This format is suitable for small entrepreneurs who do not have large start-up capital. But for cultivation you will have to allocate a separate room. There are many different options for growing greens - they can be placed in ordinary plastic bottles, pots or boxes. You will have to take care of regular watering, light entering the room and humidity levels.
2. At the summer cottage (in the garden beds). This format will allow you to organize a seasonal business, since in the cold season the plants will die. This format is most attractive for people living in the southern regions, since the temperature there is higher than in the north. To establish continuous operation, you can combine this method of cultivation with the first. The amount of profit will directly depend on the area of ​​the plot, the quality of care and watering.
3. In greenhouses. This format will allow you to grow greens all year round, regardless of weather conditions. Most often this method is used by residents of the southern regions. In the northern regions, profits will be significantly lower due to high energy costs. It only makes sense to use greenhouses if the business is large-scale. To begin with, serious investments will be required for the construction of greenhouses and their equipment (lighting, watering).

People who value their health include greens in their diet because they contain many useful substances (vitamins, minerals, trace elements). Therefore, you can sell products yourself, without supplying them to stores. But this will require additional costs and time. The greatest demand among wholesale buyers is observed in the following establishments:

• shops and supermarkets;
• cafes and restaurants;
• markets;
• vegetable bases.

All of them are ready to buy greens in large quantities, but at a wholesale (less high) cost than for retail sales.

You can work in several directions at once:

1. Sell ​​products at retail. This is especially true in the summer. It makes sense to sell in the growing region. In this case, you can grow all of the above crops in equal quantities.
2. Sell ​​greens wholesale. This business format will be more preferable if you grow one crop rather than all at once. Beginning entrepreneurs should consider growing and selling parsley and dill. Due to their rapid growth, it is possible to ensure continuous supplies of goods to stores. Then you won’t have to look for a new buyer every time.

Organizational and legal aspects

Large sales volumes and serious entrepreneurial activity necessitate registering your own business. This is necessary for the full sale of goods through shops, restaurants, and vegetable warehouses. Such a serious approach will allow you to maximize profits by refusing to work with resellers and building work with wholesale buyers directly.

You can open an LLC or an individual entrepreneur. But the second format is easier in terms of registration and submission of subsequent reports. The state will have to pay tax. The most profitable format is the Unified Agricultural Tax. It determines a low interest rate - you will need to pay 6% of the amount of profit received. This will eliminate the need for accurate cost calculations.

Products must have certificates of conformity and quality. Without them, wholesalers are not ready to buy products.

Calculation of financial results

Growing greens is highly profitable. We will make calculations for a business in your own apartment. Let's say an entrepreneur decides to grow onions for subsequent sale. In a room with an area of ​​25 m2, the area suitable for planting is about 35 m2 (if the boxes are arranged in several tiers). From here you can calculate the costs:

• 1 kilogram of onions for sowing will cost 15 rubles if purchased in bulk;
• for 35 m2 you will need 350 kilograms of onions;
• total costs for purchasing onions - 5,250 rubles;
• It is not necessary to buy boxes and boxes - they can be found at large supermarkets, and sawdust can be found at a sawmill;
• fertilizers will require 2,400 rubles monthly;
• you will have to spend about 12,500 rubles to install artificial lighting;
• monthly electricity costs - 2,000 rubles;
• the cost of transporting onions to wholesale buyers is 4,500 rubles.

The total cost will be: 26,650 rubles - this is the starting investment required to start your own onion growing business.

Income will be as follows:

• from 1 m2 of sown area it is quite possible to get 15 kilograms of onions (but you need to properly care for the onions, purchase high-quality soil and the necessary additives);
• from 35 m2 of sown area you can get 525 kilograms per harvest;
• in a month you can harvest 2 onion crops, that is, the monthly volume of onions will be equal to 1,050 kilograms;
• wholesale price for 1 kilogram of onions - 80 rubles;
• per month you can get 84,000 rubles.

Already the first month of fruitful work will not only recoup the initial investment, but also bring a fairly high level of profit. From this we can conclude that growing greens is a highly profitable and affordable business even for beginning entrepreneurs who approach their business responsibly.

* The calculations use average data for Russia

50,000 ₽

Minimum investment

65%

Profitability

20 sq.m.

Required area

From 1 month

Payback period

Most people who choose the idea of ​​starting their own “rural” business consider growing herbs for sale among the first options. Indeed, this idea seems, at first glance, simply ideal for a start. To implement it, according to the authors of numerous articles on the Internet, large start-up capital is not required. Planting material is quite inexpensive, the growing period for greenery is on average a month, and the yield is very high: up to four kilograms of greenery can be harvested from one square meter of area. The demand for such products is stable, and the profitability of such a business is over 65%. However, unfortunately, not all of these statements are confirmed in practice.

Increase sales without investment!

“1000 ideas” - 1000 ways to differentiate yourself from competitors and make any business unique. Professional kit for developing business ideas. Trending product 2019.

First of all, you need to decide for what purpose you are going to do this. It’s one thing if you grow greens for your own needs and sell the surplus. If you have land, the costs of purchasing planting material and fertilizers will be minimal. But you shouldn’t count on big profits in this case either. In the best case scenario, you will recoup your investment and provide yourself with fresh and environmentally friendly greens from spring to autumn. Also, if you have a large enough area, you can grow greens exclusively for sale. But this option requires, firstly, large investments, and, secondly, such a business will also be seasonal. There is a third option for making money from greenery - year-round cultivation of green crops in greenhouses. However, in the period from late autumn to mid-spring, greenhouses will have to be heated and lit, which is associated with high costs. One of the biggest disappointments for beginners in this business is the idea that it is possible to collect 4-4.5 kg of greens per square meter. In fact, even under the most favorable conditions (good lighting, drip irrigation, fertilizers and top dressing), the harvest will average no more than three kilograms of greenery per 1 sq. meters. At the same time, its cost will be very high. It is extremely undesirable to increase the sowing density beyond the recommended one, as this will lead to a deterioration in the quality of the greens.

And finally, the key problem is the organization of sales of finished products. As the farmers themselves say, growing greens is not a problem. The main problem is to sell it and make a profit. Firstly, purchase prices can vary greatly even in the same region and in the same season. Small-scale wholesale prices for greens can range from 50 rubles to 150 rubles per kilogram, but on average no more than 70-80 rubles with retail prices of 200 rubles per kg. Competition for local greens producers comes from farmers from nearby regions.

Types and characteristics of green crops

Greens are healthy and tasty, contain a large amount of vitamins, improve the taste of first and second courses, and promote better absorption of food. Green crops are quite resistant to low temperatures, so they can be grown in open ground from early spring to late autumn using early or winter sowings. The most commonly grown plants are dill, green onions, lettuce, spinach, and parsley. These greens are used to prepare various dishes, and the technology for growing them is very simple.

Dill grown in greenhouses both as an independent crop and as a sealant. When grown for greens, it is sown in meter-long beds in rows (8-10 cm between rows) or continuous sowing, planting the seeds to a depth of 2-3 cm. The sowing density is 15-20 g of seeds per 10 square meters. meters. Dill is cut when it reaches a height of 10-12 cm. During the summer, depending on weather and climatic conditions, dill can be sown at least twice. It is noteworthy that of all green crops, dill is the most demanding in terms of lighting and temperature (it must be at least 15°C). In addition, it takes the longest to mature, but at the same time has the highest productivity.

For cultivation Luke For feathers, experts recommend using small onions with a diameter of up to 30 mm and weighing up to 30 g and large sets. The sowing scheme uses a row with row spacing of 45 cm or a strip of 20 plus 50 cm. When planting in the fall, the bulbs are planted to a depth of 4-5 cm, and in the spring - to a depth of 2-3 cm. The harvest can be harvested when the feathers reach a length of 20 -25 cm. There are technologies that allow you to grow green onions all year round. The best varieties for growing for sale are “Batun”, “Emerald Island”, “Parade”, “Karatalsky”, “Krasnodarsky G-35”, “Ispansky 313”, “Kaba”.

Salad sow in early spring and even before winter in an ordinary way. Different types of lettuce are suitable for greenhouse cultivation - head lettuce, asparagus lettuce, leaf lettuce and romaine. Greenhouse varieties of lettuce are most often grown because of their early maturity. However, cabbage also grows well, although it is more demanding in terms of lighting and seeding density. Leafy lettuce is sown at a distance of 15-20 cm between rows and 2-3 cm in a row, and cabbage lettuce is sown at a distance of 20-25 cm between rows and up to 10 cm in a row. Seeds are planted to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. The sowing density is 5 g of seeds per 10 square meters. meters of area. The harvest can be obtained 35-40 days after sowing. Lettuce requires regular care: it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil, destroy weeds and water the plants abundantly. In addition, it is necessary to thin out the plants in a timely manner, otherwise they will begin to bloom too early. Early deciduous varieties of lettuce include leafy varieties: “Maysky” and “Berlinsky Yellow”, and head varieties include “Large Green”, “Stubborn”, “Khrustalny”, “Stone Head”. For autumn sowing, varieties such as “Winter Yellow-Green” and “Romain” are used.

Spinach grown in the same way as lettuce. The only difference is in the sowing density: the distance between the rows should be 15-20 cm. The consumption is 40 g of seeds per 10 square meters. meters. The first harvest can be obtained in 30-35 days. Thus, in one area over the summer you can harvest two or more harvests. This crop tolerates the first frosts well, so it is often sown in the summer after lettuce, onions and other early crops. Then spinach can be grown until late autumn. The only disadvantage of this green crop (as well as lettuce) is the need for regular watering. When drought occurs, spinach loses its nutritional value and shoots out. The most common varieties of spinach include Summer Giant, Virofle and Victoria.

Ready ideas for your business

Parsley grown both from seeds and by forcing them from root crops. Before sowing, parsley seeds are kept in damp gauze for five days at room temperature and another ten days after germination at a temperature of +1-2°C. This allows you to get the first shoots as soon as possible and increase productivity. The sowing rate for parsley is 20 g per 10 square meters. meter. It is much more difficult to grow parsley from root vegetables. To do this, the root crops are kept in sand at a temperature of +2°C, and then planted in moist soil at an angle of 45 degrees and to a depth of 15 cm (with a root crop weight of 60-70 g). First, furrows are cut in the soil at a distance of approximately 15 cm from each other, then they are filled with water. The distance between plantings should be 5-6 cm, and between rows - 10 cm. The main thing is not to cover the head and neck of the root crops with soil. The soil must be slightly compacted and watered intensively. The harvest can be obtained 30-45 days after planting the root crops, when the parsley leaves reach 20-25 cm in length. Moreover, with proper care (regular watering - preferably drip watering, ventilation, avoidance of sudden temperature changes, good lighting) you can collect up to 6 kg of greenery from 1 square meter. meters.

When growing greens for sale, experts advise giving preference to early-ripening and hardy varieties. If you plan to grow several types of green crops at once, then you must follow the sowing sequence. First of all, onion sets are sown, which are used for cutting. Before planting, the material must be prepared. It is recommended to soak the sets three days in advance, cutting off the upper part of the head. Then it is planted in soil that is well moistened with water (warm if the ground is not yet warmed up enough). Onions require the usual care: loosening the soil, fertilizing and regular watering. After the onions, dill and parsley are sown, the seeds of which are also pre-soaked. Two weeks after planting onions and dill, lettuce and spinach can be planted.

Growing greens in greenhouses

As experience shows, it is most profitable to engage in a greenhouse business in the southern regions of our country - in the Stavropol and Krasnodar territories, where the frosts are not so severe and the daylight hours are longer. Otherwise, high costs for gas and electricity in the northern regions will “eat up” all the profits from the sale of finished products. For a greenhouse with an area of ​​20 square meters. meters, heating costs in winter are about 75,000-80,000 rubles. In the middle zone, heating costs for such an area will average 250,000 rubles per year (if you meet the electricity quota). It often turns out to be more profitable to deliver finished goods from other regions than to grow greens yourself. The minimum profitability of a greenhouse business should be 20%. Ideally, you should strive for 30-35%, but they are difficult to achieve.

Ready ideas for your business

It is more profitable to grow greens in a greenhouse at least four times than vegetables. However, keep in mind that ideally you need to organize stable sales of your products in the nearest locality in order to minimize transport costs.

The cheapest technology for greenhouse cultivation of green crops is hydroponics. In essence, it allows you to minimize physical labor, shorten the vegetative cycle of plants several times and, accordingly, increase productivity several times. When using hydroponic technology, plants are grown in artificial media without soil - not in boxes with soil, but in ordinary plastic cups or PVC pipes with holes made in them. They receive nutrients from a humid-air environment, which requires frequent or constant drip irrigation with a working solution of mineral salts. Thanks to the small volume of containers for growing plants, they can be placed not only in the lower part of the greenhouse, but also vertically, on the walls, and even under the ceiling, which allows you to increase productivity even in a small area. Everything would be fine if not for one “but”: crops grown hydroponically do not have a characteristic taste and smell. They are practically tasteless, although they have an attractive appearance. Even the low price does not compensate for the shortcomings in taste. But, nevertheless, although this technology is not suitable for the summer season (when there is an abundance of fresh greens straight from the garden on the market), it is widely used for growing greens in the winter months. In the absence of an alternative, consumers are willing to buy fresh greens, even if their taste leaves much to be desired.

There are also “intermediate” technologies for greenhouse cultivation of greens, which involve the simultaneous use of peat and ordinary soil and liquid fertilizers used in hydroponics. These technologies are three times more expensive than hydroponics, but the products grown with their help are not much different from those grown in open ground.

What material should greenhouses for growing greens be made of? Currently, glass and polyethylene are most widely used for this. A glazed greenhouse is more expensive both at the construction stage and during further operation, since glass does not retain heat well. In addition, on hot and sunny days, glass does not retain or diffuse light, which can cause burns to plants. As a last resort, tempered technical glass with a thickness of 6 mm or more can be used to build a greenhouse. This material can be purchased at a price of 1000 rubles per linear meter. However, polyethylene is not the best option, since, on the contrary, it transmits light very poorly. On cloudy days, there will be insufficient lighting in such a greenhouse, which adversely affects the plants. And the cost of heating a film greenhouse will be considerable. There are better options, which have recently become increasingly popular - metal structures with acrylic or polycarbonate coating. A greenhouse made from these materials is more expensive than a polyethylene one. But it will last much longer, and its efficiency will be higher.

Ready ideas for your business

Construction of a greenhouse costs from 1,500 rubles per 1 sq. meter excluding additional equipment. At the same time, a greenhouse of 100 sq. meters (a relatively small greenhouse measuring, for example, 5 by 20 meters) gives about 80 square meters. meters of usable area. However, the area can be increased to 200 square meters. meters using a two-tier shelving system.

It is recommended to divide a large greenhouse into spans of 25 square meters. meters, which will make it easier to care for the plantings. Manufacturers, in an attempt to reduce the cost of greens as much as possible, do not pay much attention to either the quality of the soil or its fertilization. In extreme cases, if the greenery “fades,” then it is sprayed with urea, and if mold appears, it is treated with potassium permanganate.

Prospects and risks of green business

Although, in general, growing greens for sale is a promising and profitable direction, but only if several conditions are met. Production volumes come first - the larger they are, the better. And on the second (although this condition is no less important) is the presence of sales channels. You won’t earn much by selling greens on your own at the market or selling them to resellers for pennies. You can negotiate supplies with cafes and restaurants, but, firstly, their purchase volumes are not so large. Secondly, you need to provide all documents for your products. And thirdly, achieving such agreements will be very difficult.

1195 people are studying this business today.

In 30 days, this business was viewed 114,140 times.

Calculator for calculating the profitability of this business

Legal aspects, equipment selection, assortment formation, premises requirements, production processes, sales. Full financial calculations.

Do you want to know when your business will pay off and how much you can actually earn? The free Business Calculations app has already helped you save millions.

For most Russian citizens, having a personal plot is the norm. Many city residents consider its cultivation only a way to diversify their leisure time by growing plants, and for some rural residents, the fruits of labor, even on a small territory, are a way to provide food for their family members. In both cases, the entire process of refining and waiting for the harvest begins with the acquisition of seedlings of various crops. And, as a result, this employment option, with a competent approach and systematization of processes, can bring quite significant profits to entrepreneurs.

To obtain the best possible result, a businessman needs to provide a wide range of offers (early and late plant varieties). At the same time, as part of the sale of finished products, it is necessary to offer the consumer not only standard options, but also exotic, unique crops.

With the right approach, growing seedlings can bring more profit than producing mature vegetables. When starting this business project, entrepreneurs should prepare for a fierce struggle with competitors, the main of which are small peasant farms. But, despite the availability of market offers in the assortment, only a few enterprises throughout the country are professionally engaged in this type of activity.

The beginning of the project should be the paperwork. As part of obtaining permits, an entrepreneur should position himself in the legal field as an individual entrepreneur whose activities are confirmed and certified by the sanitary inspection.

Seasonality of business

Every year at the beginning of April there is a growing rush in specialized markets. Consumers are showing demand for seedlings and seeds of various crops. Owners of summer cottages are rushing to stock up on supplies for their properties. And if earlier, summer residents independently grew seedlings on window sills, using fluorescent lamps for their photosynthesis and growth, today this practice is becoming a thing of history. A more relevant option is purchasing ready-made planting material from specialized distributors.

The result of this excitement is the opportunity for entrepreneurs to earn a profit in the amount of 1 million rubles already in the first year of the business’s existence. By the end of spring, the intensity of purchases decreases significantly, and by the beginning of summer, all traditional garden crops have already been planted. In June and July, the business project’s revenue will be at half its peak. In the second week of August, the income of sellers increases slightly due to the purchase of winter crops (tulips, etc.) by summer residents. From November to February, consumer demand drops to 0.

Based on the above indicators of consumer demand, as well as the characteristics and requirements of certain groups of plant crops, entrepreneurs should implement their business project for growing seedlings for subsequent sale according to the following relative starting schedule:

Beginning of February. Root celery is being sown;

End of February. Bell peppers and eggplant seeds are sown in special boxes placed under additional lighting. Sowing is done densely, but in order in a row. The seeds are sprinkled with earth, generously poured with a pink raster of potassium permanganate and covered with polyethylene. Subsequent watering is carried out with ordinary water after the emergence of seedlings and the removal of the film. When 3 leaves appear, the seedlings are pruned so that the plants do not interfere with each other’s development. The seedlings are transplanted into a greenhouse or greenhouse;

In March, the second half of the eggplant and pepper seeds are sown, which allows the finished seedlings to be sold in May-June.

• April. Tomatoes are sown with the projection of ready-made seedlings for sale from late April to mid-June. These terms are provoked by the peculiarities of consumer demand for this type of product. Thus, summer residents usually purchase seedlings for planting in greenhouses, and then for planting plants in open ground beds (tomatoes are placed in areas where radishes and early cabbage grow). Tomato seeds are sowed in a greenhouse, and only then the picked seedlings are distributed throughout the greenhouse area;

Tomato seeds initially scattered in greenhouses will not allow the seedlings to develop a strong root system, which will significantly reduce consumer demand for it.

• the beginning of March is marked by the planting of leek and cabbage seeds;
• in mid-March, late-ripening varieties of cabbage should be planted;
• the beginning of April should be accompanied by planting cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins, gillyflower, petunia, verbena, and sweet peas.

Cabbage can also be sown in April in greenhouses. Early varieties can be planted in greenhouses.

Tool for growing seedlings

It is possible to organize each stage of a project for growing seedlings only if you have a full range of equipment and tools for performing various types of work, namely:

• boxes. The most popular products are made of plastic, due to their practicality. Suitable for sowing eggplants, flowers, peppers;
• greenhouse. Can be made of polycarbonate, film or a combination of several materials;

To sow plants that, after picking and planting, will produce seedlings worth 2 acres, it is enough to use a greenhouse measuring 3m x 6m.

• greenhouses The design can be simple arcs over the beds, the surface of which is covered with film. Under their protection, pickled tomatoes, peppers, and cabbage grow;
• wheelbarrow;
• working tools(shovel, hoe, ripper, scoop). You should pay attention exclusively to quality products. Otherwise, the inconvenience will cause a decrease in labor productivity;
• irrigation equipment. For these purposes, it is necessary to purchase a special dimensional container with legs, the walls of which will be painted in a dark color. A tube with a hose and a shower must be connected to the tank. The seedlings are watered generously with warm water.

Pre-prepared tools and equipment in a standard set will enable the implementer of a project for growing seedlings to immediately begin any stage of the production process.

Preparatory actions

The autumn period is very dynamic for businessmen who have decided to implement projects for growing and selling seedlings. After the heat of summer and before the onset of winter frosts, it is extremely important to address a number of issues in preparation for the spring production process. Practitioners identify the following series of particularly important tasks, each of which must be implemented taking into account its specific features:

• selection and purchase of seeds. In this process, it is especially important for the entrepreneur to select varietal materials as the initial product. This requirement is due to the fact that after 2-3 years, plants produced using seeds obtained with one’s own hands demonstrate yields that are several times lower than those of their varietal counterparts. In the process of purchasing preparations for future seedlings, entrepreneurs should look for the opportunity to purchase seeds in wholesale quantities (from seed institutes, from wholesale distributors), avoiding the purchase of packaged retail goods. This decision will help prevent the risk of buying counterfeits;

A businessman’s priority should be the purchase of zoned plant varieties. Varieties of vegetables obtained as a result of hybrid crossing of products from domestic and foreign producers can behave unpredictably. However, their prices are extremely high.

• soil preparation. Growing seedlings for sale requires the presence of special soil in the area where it grows. At the same time, purchasing packaged soil is too expensive a solution to this problem. The best option is to use land collected at the edges of forests, meadows and fields. Turf land from areas adjacent to populated areas should be harvested in the spring, when its surface has already thawed to a depth of 15-20 cm. The mass is folded into piles, the height of the sides is about 50 cm and the width is no more than 1 meter. During wintering, the turf soil should dry out and turn into light sandy loam, suitable for growing seedlings. To achieve a similar effect, soil piles are shed with water at regular intervals, and their surface is covered with an opaque film;
• soil disinfection. Before the cups for seedlings are filled with prepared soil, it must be disinfected and sifted. For these purposes, you will need a metal tray (the size does not matter), onto the surface of which the earth is scattered. It must be placed on an open fire, constantly stirring the mass. Thus, the entrepreneur will avoid the risk of developing bacterial and viral damage to future seedlings, the germination of weeds and the appearance of larvae of harmful insects;
• growing seedlings in a greenhouse. Vegetable seedlings must be placed not on earth beds, but on special temporary shelves. They need to be mounted at a level of 1 meter above the ground. The design of the products should be split. This will make it easy to dismantle them after selling the grown batch of seedlings.

All of the above preparatory stages play an important role in the process of growing seedlings. At the same time, planting seeds in the ground and their further growth must be carried out under certain temperature conditions and at a set humidity level.

Sowing vegetable seeds of early crops should be done two weeks before the due date. Such actions will allow you to obtain seedlings already in color, which will significantly increase their attractiveness in the eyes of potential buyers.

Flower business

Most summer residents consider it normal to plant ornamental plants (flowers, shrubs) in their garden plots. And to realize this plan, they need to purchase ready-made seedlings. Growing flower seedlings for sale can be done on a variety of scales. The location of the “beds” (loggias, covered balconies, greenhouses, greenhouses) also depends on the project format. These types of plants are picky about the soil. Therefore, its preparation should be treated with special attention. The mixture is a composition of sand and turf combined into a single mass in a ratio of 1:3. Additionally, to increase nutritional properties, peat and a small portion of humus are added to the soil. Seeds are planted in early March. In this case, potential seedlings must be provided with the required amount of water, and the soil must be regularly loosened.

The most popular types of flowers today are daisies, petunias, asters, and roses. Each of these plants has its own specific cultivation and requires certain care during development:

• rose. The plant is the most expensive of all the most popular flowers. Roses are propagated by cuttings, tapping and root delimitation. The sale of seedlings can be realized both in the form of offering planting material to the consumer, and transferring an already mature crop to him for planting. To breed and grow seedlings of a flower such as a rose, an entrepreneur must be armed with the following list of tools for implementing a business project: a heated greenhouse (humidity 75-80%, temperature +25), high-quality soil in large quantities, manure, special fertilizers, humus , special medicines (the key to protecting seedlings from the occurrence and development of diseases, harm to them by various insects). Flower seeds are planted at the beginning of the calendar year;
• petunia. Seedlings of this type of flowers are in demand not only by owners of country real estate and personal plots, but also by sellers of flower pavilions. This type of plant does not require special care for either seedlings or adult flowers. To grow a crop, it is necessary to purchase high-quality seeds, equip a greenhouse, prepare a special garden soil mixture (peat, humus, sand, turf soil), and provide abundant watering for future seedlings. The seeds are sown in February. The appearance of the first leaves signals the need to plant the plant (thinning the seedlings);
• medicinal plants(uterine boron, eyebright, ginseng, ginko biloba, aloe, Kalanchoe, etc.). Depending on the volume of production, seedlings can be sold in pots to the population, in the form of ready-made collections of medicinal plants, or in the form of raw materials for various pharmaceutical enterprises.

A properly prepared and implemented stage of selling flower seedlings will be the key to making a significant profit.

Vegetable seedlings

The Russian consumer has long been accustomed to seeing peppers, eggplants, tomatoes and other crops on their table, the ripening of which in the latitudes of the country does not occur completely, due to the limited warm summer season. That is why amateur gardeners practice planting seeds of these types of plants in pots from the first days of spring. But due to the need to be careful and follow a whole set of rules for caring for future seedlings, many do not like the task of growing vegetable seedlings and then the only option is to purchase ready-made sprouts in specialized markets.

To implement the first stage of the process of growing and selling vegetable seedlings as a business project, you will need:

• greenhouse with a large area;

The level of heat supply in greenhouses should not exceed the norm of +20 degrees. Otherwise, the entrepreneur risks receiving elongated seedlings as the fruit of his labors, unattractive to the end consumer.

• selection of the type and acceptable quantity of seeds. The modern amateur gardener is accustomed to purchasing hybrid varieties of tomatoes, eggplants and peppers for planting. This fact is due to the practice of comparing these types of crops with varietal plants in favor of the characteristics of the former. Seedlings of crossed vegetables are quite strong and resistant to various types of damage.

Next, the entrepreneur should pay attention to the main direction of the practical implementation of his business project. And to do this, you need to select the crops that will be planted and grown for further sale in the form of seedlings.

Thus, emphasis should be placed on expanding the range of offerings, which is available by organizing the growth of the following crops and their varieties:

• tomatoes (early varieties, salad, for rolling, exotic colors, with different shapes of leaves and fruits, long-lasting);
• bell pepper (early, for rolling, yellow, purple, green, hot);
• cabbage (mid-season, early, for pickling, for storage, broccoli, Beijing, ornamental, Brussels sprouts);
• eggplant.

In order to satisfy existing consumer demand as much as possible, the entrepreneur also needs to enrich the range of his own offerings with seedlings of watermelons, melons and cucumbers. These seedlings are grown in peat, plastic or cardboard cups.

Approximate calculation of project profitability

Growing seedlings is a difficult business project to calculate. This is due to the fact that during its implementation there is a large number of non-constant inputs. In addition, the numerical equivalent of costs depends on the region where the plan is implemented (acceptable prices for seedlings differ sharply). Starting conditions should also be taken into account. Some entrepreneurs already have their own equipped greenhouses, which require minimal investment to begin the process of growing seedlings.

A general business plan can be drawn up as follows, but only taking into account the fact that the values ​​​​in it will be calculated with the maximum possible level of error. So, the maximum value should be taken as 1200 units of seedlings, for the production of which the entrepreneur will need to have funds for the following expense columns:

• greenhouse, size 3m x 6m (film, polycarbonate);
• varietal seeds;
• heating.

It is possible to calculate the profitability of the project by taking the productivity of 1 sq. m of soil as 100 units of seedlings. Thus, entrepreneurs in the Far Eastern regions will be able to sell seedlings, the average price of which is 10 rubles, collecting a financial harvest from a greenhouse measuring 18 square meters in the amount of 10-12 thousand rubles. The total area of ​​greenhouses is 1 hundred square meters (100 square meters) and will bring a profit of up to 120,000 rubles.

Completion

Competition is a prerequisite for existence within the modern goods market. Therefore, when claiming long-term cooperation and popularity with customers, you should focus not on achieving the lowest cost, but on the highest result in terms of measuring the quality of the products provided.

Regarding growing seedlings, it is possible to win qualitatively by planting in cassettes (disposable plastic trays with 15-20 cells). In greenhouse conditions, the use of similar tanks for plants will allow, when replanting after sale, to preserve the integrity of their root system and plant the plant standing, without fear of its further falling. All these nuances will certainly not be ignored by experienced summer residents, creating an additional field for advertising for the entrepreneur. You can also sell seedlings directly with cassettes, without removing the seedlings from the cells.

A competent approach and high-quality execution of all development processes of such a business project allow anyone who desires it and makes the necessary efforts to become quite successful entrepreneurs by the second season.